{"id":22547,"date":"2021-01-16T10:36:18","date_gmt":"2021-01-16T07:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/?p=22547"},"modified":"2026-07-04T14:38:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T11:08:50","slug":"sivilastirilmis-dogal-gaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/sivilastirilmis-dogal-gaz\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz (LNG) nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz veya LNG (\u0130ngilizce: Liquefied natural gas) , depolama veya b\u00fcy\u00fck hacimde ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici olarak s\u0131v\u0131 hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f do\u011fal gaza denir. Genel olarak bu gaz \u015feffaf, renksiz, kokusuz, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmayan ve toksik olmayan bir gazd\u0131r.<\/p>

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz s\u0131cak hava ile temas etti\u011finde ondan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir buhar y\u00fckselir. Bu buhar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, havan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha fazla olacak \u015fekilde \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7a artar ve y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flar. Bu buhar, hava ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 5 ila 15\u2019i do\u011fal gaz oldu\u011funda yan\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7indeki mevcut do\u011fal gaz y\u00fczde 5\u2019ten az olursa ate\u015f almayacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7indeki mevcut do\u011fal gaz miktar\u0131 y\u00fczde 15\u2019ten fazla olursa, havadaki oksijen onu yakmak i\u00e7in yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

Bilmeniz gerekir: s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz bir s\u0131v\u0131 olarak patlay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Yaln\u0131zca s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz buhar\u0131, kapal\u0131 bir alanda y\u00fczde 5 ila 15 do\u011fal gaz i\u00e7ermesi durumunda patlay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu gaz\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc avantajlara sahiptir ki bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7erir:<\/p>

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz, gerek uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde gerek b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeyde nispeten daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetle \u00fcretilir ve motorine g\u00f6re daha temiz yanar. S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz daha fazla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilme kabiliyetine sahip oldu\u011fundan, a\u011f\u0131r ara\u00e7larda kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in motorin yerine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaza (CNG) g\u00f6re daha uygundur.<\/p>

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz, motorlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman motorine g\u00f6re daha az kirlilik olu\u015fturur.<\/p>

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz<\/h2>

Do\u011fal gaz esas olarak metandan olu\u015fur ve atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda eksi 161 santigrat dereceye kadar so\u011futulursa s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve hacmi ilk gaz hacminin alt\u0131 y\u00fczde birine d\u00fc\u015fer, sonu\u00e7 olarak \u00f6zel gemilerde t\u00fcketim merkezlerine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Metan gaz\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in onu s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131nda 2\/5 santigrat dereceye kadar so\u011futmak ve 45 atmosfer bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu y\u00f6ntem ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan uygun maliyetlidir fakat di\u011fer taraftan y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7ok kal\u0131n cidarl\u0131 ve \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r tanklara ihtiya\u00e7 duyar ki bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tavsiye edilmez. Sonu\u00e7 olarak s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde, ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n kolay olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bas\u0131nc\u0131 bir atmosferden biraz daha fazlas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>

\u0130lk s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz y\u00fck\u00fc ya da k\u0131saca LNG, ticari olarak 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cezayir\u2019den Britanya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 ve o zamandan itibaren liman imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve y\u00fckleme-bo\u015faltma limanlar\u0131nda depolaman\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ile ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zel LNG ta\u015f\u0131ma gemilerinin in\u015fas\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m gerektirmektedir. H\u00e2lbuki s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 \u015fu anda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyededir, bu nedenle sat\u0131c\u0131 ve al\u0131c\u0131, daha \u00f6nceden 15 ila 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k uzun vadeli bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, fiyatland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi ve di\u011fer \u015fartlar konusunda gerekli anla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gaz \u00fcretiminde d\u00f6rt ana a\u015fama vard\u0131r:<\/h2>

Safs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ki bunlar esas olarak karbondioksit ve baz\u0131 durumlarda k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc bile\u015fiklerden olu\u015fur.<\/p>

Suyun ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ki e\u011fer sistemde bulunursa buz kristallerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve borular\u0131n t\u0131kanmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>

T\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131r hidrokarbonlar ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve yaln\u0131zca metan ile etan kal\u0131r.<\/p>

LNG, daha \u00e7ok metan (y\u00fczde 90\u2019dan fazla) ile az miktarda etan, propan, b\u00fctan ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r alkanlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. LNG ar\u0131tma s\u00fcreci, \u00fcretilen nihai \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 100 metan i\u00e7ermesi \u015fekilde tasarlanabilir.<\/p>

LNG, gaz halindeki do\u011fal gaz hacminin 1\/600\u2019\u00fcne e\u015fit bir hacme sahiptir. S\u0131v\u0131 gaz, kokusuz, renksiz, toksik olmayan ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmayan bir gazd\u0131r. Bu gaz\u0131n yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi tehlikeler; alev alma, donma ve bo\u011fulmay\u0131 i\u00e7erir. LNG\u2019nin enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fu dizel yak\u0131t\u0131n y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcreci; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc ak\u0131\u015fta (borularda gaz ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131) gaz i\u00e7in sorun olu\u015fturan toz, asidik gazlar, helyum, su ve a\u011f\u0131r hidrokarbonlar gibi belirli bile\u015fiklerin giderilmesini i\u00e7erir. Do\u011fal gaz, yukar\u0131daki maddeler giderildikten sonra atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131na e\u015fit bir bas\u0131n\u00e7ta ve eksi 162 santigrat derece s\u0131cakl\u0131kta so\u011futulur. (Ta\u015f\u0131ma uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gaz\u0131n azami bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u06f2\u06f5 kilopaskal veya 3.6 psi\u2019ye e\u015fit bir bas\u0131n\u00e7t\u0131r).<\/p>

Boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda gaz hacminin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, uzun g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlarda ekonomik tasarruf sa\u011flar. Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n boru hatt\u0131 yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik veya operasyonel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, \u00f6zel olarak bu i\u015f i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz ta\u015f\u0131yan deniz gemileri veya karayolu tankerleri ile ta\u015f\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

T\u00fcketim pazarlar\u0131nda LNG tekrar gaz haline gelir. LNG\u2019nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak litre ba\u015f\u0131na 0.41 ila 0.5 kilogram aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir ki bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve bile\u015fiminin bir fonksiyonudur. LNG\u2019nin \u0131s\u0131l de\u011feri en y\u00fcksek seviyede, eksi 164 santigrat derece s\u0131cakl\u0131kta litre ba\u015f\u0131na 24 megajoule ula\u015f\u0131r. LNG\u2019nin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131l de\u011feri litre ba\u015f\u0131na 21 megajouled\u00fcr.<\/p>

Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer<\/h2>

Do\u011fal gaz, Cezayir, Norve\u00e7, Katar, Rusya, Nijerya ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri gibi \u00fclkelerde bulunan sahalardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkeler ile pazarlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki mesafe, \u00fcretilen do\u011fal gaz\u0131n gaz boru hatlar\u0131 yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu durumda, en kolay ve en uygun maliyetli ta\u015f\u0131ma se\u00e7ene\u011fi, onun deniz yoluyla LNG tankerlerinde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in do\u011fal gaz, gaz\u0131 \u06f1\u06f6\u06f0 santigrat derecede s\u0131v\u0131 hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir so\u011futma \u00e7evrimi (s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, yo\u011fu\u015fma, genle\u015fme, buharla\u015fma) kullan\u0131larak so\u011futulur: bu, do\u011fal gaz (LNG) olarak bilinir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde metandan olu\u015fan LNG (y\u00fczde 85 ila 99), kokusuz, renksiz, toksik olmayan ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmayan bir gazd\u0131r.<\/p>

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlardaki s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz LNG tanker gemilerinde depolanabilir ve ta\u015f\u0131nabilir. Y\u00fck, \u00f6zellikle do\u011fal gaz\u0131 \u06f1\u06f6\u06f0 santigrat derecede s\u0131v\u0131 halde tutmak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 tanklarda ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz\u0131n tarihi<\/h2>

Gazlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleriyle ilgili deneyler 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flad\u0131. \u06f1\u06f7. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Robert Boyle, gazlar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile hacmi aras\u0131ndaki ters ili\u015fkiyi ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Guillaume Amontons, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gaz \u00fczerindeki etkilerini incelemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli gaz deneyleri sonraki 200 y\u0131l boyunca devam etti. O d\u00f6nemde gazlar\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015fimlerde bulunuldu. Gazlar\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yeni ger\u00e7ek ke\u015ffedildi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Cagniard de la Tour, \u00fczerinde gaz\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n var oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan sonlar\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm gazlar\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131 vard\u0131. Michael Faraday, James Joule ve William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) dahil olmak \u00fczere bir dizi bilim insan\u0131 bu alanda deneyler yapt\u0131. \u06f1\u06f8\u06f8\u06f6 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karol Olszewski, do\u011fal gaz\u0131n ana bile\u015feni olan metan\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u06f1\u06f9\u06f0\u06f0 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan helyum d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcm gazlar s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>

Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f1\u06f8 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde oldu; ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, baz\u0131 do\u011fal gazlar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bile\u015feni olan helyumu \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n bir yolu olarak do\u011fal gaz\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bu helyum, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130ngiliz hatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz (LNG) depolanmad\u0131, aksine yeniden gazla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve hemen gaz \u015febekelerine verildi.<\/p>

LNG depolama tanklar\u0131 (yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde)<\/h2>

Birinci tip tanklar veya single tank<\/h3>

Bu tip tanklarda bir tank, ba\u015fka bir tank\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 tank, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 tutma g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenir. Genellikle karbon \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lan d\u0131\u015f tank ise i\u00e7 tank\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenir.<\/p>

Ayr\u0131ca i\u00e7 tanklar\u0131n malzemesi nikel i\u00e7eren \u00e7eliklerden yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sistemde s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olu\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gaz\u0131n giri\u015fi ve bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 tank\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

\u0130kinci tip tanklar veya double containment tank<\/h3>

Bu tank\u0131n birinci tipten tek fark\u0131, d\u0131\u015f tank\u0131n da i\u00e7 tankta s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011funda bu s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131 tutabilmesidir.<\/p>

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tip tanklar veya full containment tank<\/h3>

Bu tip tanklarda gaz\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm olas\u0131 yollar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f tanklar, i\u00e7 tanklar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gazlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz veya LNG (\u0130ngilizce: Liquefied natural gas) , depolama veya b\u00fcy\u00fck hacimde ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici olarak s\u0131v\u0131 hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f do\u011fal gaza denir. Genel olarak bu gaz \u015feffaf, renksiz, kokusuz, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmayan ve toksik olmayan bir gazd\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz s\u0131cak hava ile temas etti\u011finde ondan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir buhar y\u00fckselir. Bu buhar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, havan\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[612],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gazla-ilgili-makaleler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22547"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22557,"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22547\/revisions\/22557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kianpetroleum.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}