تاریخ بروزرسانی(Update Date): 7th May 2025
Introduction to Solid Paraffin
Solid paraffin, or paraffin wax, is a white, odorless chemical substance composed of saturated hydrocarbons with long carbon chains. This material typically contains 20 to 40 carbon atoms in its chain, and its molecular weight varies depending on the type of extraction source and the refining process. Paraffin is usually derived from crude oil and is also referred to as petroleum-based wax. After the distillation of crude oil in a distillation tower and the extraction of gases, light hydrocarbons, and heavy hydrocarbons, the remaining heavy residues are processed. After removing impurities such as sulfur, solid paraffin is obtained.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Solid Paraffin
Solid paraffin is insoluble in water because its molecular structure consists of heavy, non-polar molecules. This characteristic makes paraffin incompatible with water, which is a polar solvent. Additionally, due to the high molecular weight and strong intermolecular forces, solid paraffin has a high melting point ranging from 48 to 66 degrees Celsius.
Chemically, solid paraffin is inert, which is attributed to its saturated molecules. This makes paraffin one of the low-risk and stable materials under various conditions. Moreover, paraffin can combine with other hydrocarbons to form new compounds, including natural and synthetic waxes, which are used in the production of cosmetic and personal care products.
Types of Solid Paraffin
One of the simplest and most common classifications of solid paraffin is based on its crystalline structure and physical properties. In this classification, solid paraffins are divided into two types: macrocrystalline paraffin and microcrystalline paraffin.
Macrocrystalline Paraffin
This type of paraffin has a coarser crystalline structure and is usually white or yellow in color. Macrocrystalline paraffin, due to its larger crystals, is harder and is used in industries such as candle making, cosmetic production, and lubricants. The melting point of this type of paraffin is generally medium to high, making it a suitable choice for applications that require stronger paraffin.
Microcrystalline Paraffin
This type of paraffin has finer crystals and a more uniform structure, making it softer than macrocrystalline paraffin. Microcrystalline paraffin, because of its fine crystalline structure, has greater flexibility and elasticity, and is used in industries such as food packaging, personal care and cosmetic products, and certain pharmaceutical applications. It can also act as an insulator and protector against moisture and air.
Applications of Solid Paraffin
Solid paraffin has a wide range of applications, some of which are mentioned below:
Candle Making: Solid paraffin is commonly associated with candles. Due to its suitable melting point, excellent burning quality, and ease of shaping, it is used in the production of both scented and unscented candles.
Pharmaceutical Industry: Solid paraffin is used in the formulation of medications for producing ointments and creams. Its hydrophobic properties and stability allow drugs to be effectively absorbed into the skin or mucous membranes. The use of solid paraffin in nanoparticle formulations and other novel drug delivery systems aids in controlling and timing the release of active ingredients. Additionally, solid paraffin helps protect drugs and assists in shaping them.
Cosmetics and Personal Care Industry: Solid paraffin is an important ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products. It is used in the production of items such as skin moisturizers, lipsticks, eyeliners, and mascaras. Moreover, in beauty and spa centers, paraffin treatments are employed, meaning that paraffin is used to soften and rejuvenate the skin.
Insulation: Properties such as high heat capacity, resistance to electrical current, and moisture make solid paraffin suitable for insulation purposes. It is used as thermal insulation in heat exchangers, as electrical insulation in wires and cables, and as moisture insulation in the packaging of metal and electronic equipment.
Food Industry: In the food industry, paraffin is used as a protective coating for fruits and vegetables. This material prevents water evaporation and loss of freshness, thereby extending their shelf life. It is also used as a shiny coating for chocolates and candies, as well as for decorating birthday cakes.
Is paraffin used in birthday cakes edible?
Typically, edible paraffin is used in birthday cakes, which is produced following specific standards. However, even edible paraffin can be difficult to digest and may cause gastrointestinal issues. Therefore, it is advisable to remove the paraffin before consuming the cake.
Environmental Effects
Solid paraffin can pose environmental problems both during its production and disposal. Since this material is derived from crude oil, the extraction and refining of oil can lead to soil and groundwater contamination, habitat destruction, and ecosystem changes.
Solid paraffin is a non-biodegradable compound and can persist in the environment for a long time. Therefore, the best management strategy is to ensure proper waste disposal and encourage recycling and reuse of materials.